The name Rathdowney is derived from the rath or ring fort that was once home to the inhabitants of the town. Rathdowney developed with Perry's Brewery, which was established there in the early 19th century and remained in operation until 1966.

Aghaboe is the site of Saint Canice's 6th century monastery. The monastery was plundered, burnt and rebuilt many times over the centuries. The 19th century church on the site of the Augustinian Priory church retains 13th century pieces.

The village of Cullahill is home to an impressive early 15th century tower house, once the principal stronghold of the MacGillapatricks of Upper Ossory. The Castle has a Sheila-na-Gig, and a medieval church.

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